Sudanese Laws
This section includes Sudanese laws relevant to anti-corruption.
Link to the Ministry of Justice library of laws: https://moj.gov.sd/sudanlaws/#/reader/chapter/0
| # | Title | Description |
| 1 | The Unlawful and Suspicions Enrichment (Combating) Act, 1989 | The Unlawful and Suspicions Enrichment (Combating) Act, 1989, a Sudanese law that Aims to combat unlawful and suspicious enrichment by public officials. It establishes an administration to receive asset returns and complaints and defines unlawful and suspicious enrichment. |
| 2 | Criminal Statute 1991 | The Criminal Statute 1991 a Sudanese law that defines various offenses, including bribery, abuse of authority, and fraudulent disposal of property, providing the legal basis for prosecuting corruption-related crimes. |
| 3 | Code of Criminal Procedure 1991 | The Code of Criminal Procedure 1991 is a Sudanese law that defines the powers and procedures of various criminal justice agencies, including courts, prosecutors, the police, and correctional facilities. Key themes include criminal investigations, gathering evidence, arrests, seizures, indictments, trials, judgments, appeals, and penalty enforcement. Ultimately, the purpose of the law is to establish a clear legal framework for the administration of criminal justice. |
| 4 | The Financial and Accountancy Procedure Act, 2007 | The Financial and Accountancy Procedure Act, 2007 is a Sudanese law that focuses on improving financial and accounting performance within State organs, which can help prevent financial mismanagement and corruption via establishing procedures for financial and accountancy practices. It grants the Ministry of Finance the right to obtain data and information from State organs. |
| 5 | The Purchase, Contracting and Surplus Disposal Act, 2010 | Public Procurement, Contracting and Disposal of Public Assets Act 2010 is a Sudanese law that meticulously outlines the legal framework governing public procurement processes within the Sudanese government and its various agencies. The law covers a wide range of topics, including the establishment of procurement units, tendering procedures, contract types, methods for selecting consultants, and guidelines for disposing of surplus assets. It emphasizes principles of transparency, fairness, and economic efficiency in government spending and includes measures to prevent corruption and fraud. The document also establishes mechanisms for review and appeals, ensuring accountability and providing recourse for aggrieved parties. |
| 6 | The National Elections Act, 2008 | National Elections Act 2008 is a Sudanese law that serves as a comprehensive legal framework for governing elections and referendums. The Act establishes the National Elections Commission and details its composition, powers, and responsibilities in managing the electoral process. Significantly, it also defines corrupt and illegal practices, as well as electoral contraventions, ensuring accountability and transparency in the electoral process. |
| 7 | The Money Laundering and Finance of Terrorism (Combating) Act, 2014.pdf | The Money Laundering and Finance of Terrorism (Combating) Act, 2014 is a Sudanese law that aims to combat money laundering and the financing of terrorism. It provides a legal framework for identifying, preventing, and penalizing these activities |
| 8 | The Access to Information (Right) Act, 2015 | The Right to Access Information Law of 2015 is a Sudanese law that details the process for accessing information, including exceptions, timelines, and procedures. The law specifies penalties for violations and grants authority for issuing regulations and orders to facilitate its implementation. Additionally, the law covers appeals, offenses, and penalties for non-compliance. |
| 9 | The General Grievances Chambers Act, 2015 | The Public Grievances Chamber 2015 is a Sudanese law that aims to secure competence, and purity in State work, systems and final executive and administrative actions. It addresses injuries arising from abuse of power or corruption by State Organs. It investigates corruption cases and ensures State Organs work efficiently and effectively. It establishes the General Grievances Chambers, which is responsible for inspecting the performance of State Organs. |
| 10 | The National Audit Chambers Act, 2015 | National Audit Chamber Law 2015 is a Sudanese law that establishes the National Audit Chambers and Mandates the Chambers to audit State organs to ensure financial compliance. It aims to detect financial contraventions, forgery, or actions leading to financial damage. The act also defines offenses related to public funds and financial contraventions |
| 11 | Dismantling the thirty of June 1989 regime and Elimination of empowerment Act 2019 | Dismantling of the Salvation Regime Act 2019 is a Sudanese law that focuses on eliminating the empowerment of a past regime and seizing assets acquired through corruption. It allows for the termination of services for those who gained positions through influence or empowerment. It also takes measures against acts constituting offenses against public or private property |
| 12 | The Thirty of June 1989, Regime Dismantling and Disempowerment (Amendment), Act, 2020 Act | The Thirty of June 1989, Regime Dismantling and Disempowerment (Amendment) Act 2020 is a Sudanese law that focuses on recovering assets and combating corruption related to a specific regime . It defines “Acts of Corruption” and includes measures for asset management and preventing illicit financial activities. |
| 13 | The Prosecution Attorneys Bureaux Act, 2017 | Public Prosecution Law 2017 is a Sudanese law that establishes the Prosecution Attorneys Bureaux, which is responsible for representing the State and Community Public Prosecution. It Emphasizes the role of Prosecution Attorneys Bureaux members in cases connected with offences committed by public servants. It is also responsible for combating corruption, unlawful enrichment, and money laundering. |
| 14 | The Anti-Corruption and Public Assets Recovery Commission Act 2021 | The Anti-Corruption and Public Assets Recovery Commission Act 2021 is a Sudanese law that establishes an independent commission in Sudan dedicated to combating corruption and recovering public assets. It outlines the commission’s preliminary provisions, including its mandate to investigate corruption within various government levels, as well as public and private entities. The act also defines key terms like “public assets,” “corruption,” and “public officer,” and details the commission’s powers, competences, and structure. This act aims to promote transparency, integrity, and accountability in Sudan by creating a body with the authority to prevent, investigate, and prosecute corruption-related offenses |
Regional Treaties
| # | Title | Issuing Organization | Description |
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1 |
African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption |
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This document represents a regional multilateral treaty designed to foster cooperation and harmonize policies among African Union member states in their efforts to tackle corruption. Its main objectives include promoting development, ensuring transparency, and strengthening mechanisms to prevent, detect, punish, and eradicate corruption within both the public and private sectors.
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2 |
This document represents a regional multilateral treaty between State Parties of the League of Arab States to prevent and combat corruption through various measures, including defining offenses, ensuring liability for legal persons, and facilitating international cooperation in law enforcement and asset recovery |
International Treaties and Conventions
| # | Title | Issuing Organization | Description |
| 1 | United Nations convention against corruption | United Nations office on Drugs and Crime | This document represents an international multilateral Convention to combat corruption through preventive measures, criminalization, international cooperation, and asset recovery. It emphasizes the importance of integrity, transparency, and accountability in public administration and the private sector. |
| 2 | United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Theroto |
United Nations office on Drugs and Crime | This document represents an international multilateral treaty that promotes cooperation between States Parties to combat transnational organized crime by criminalizing participation in organized criminal groups, money laundering, and corruption |
| 3 | Jakarta Statement on Principles for Anti-Corruption Agencies | United Nations office on Drugs and Crime | Convened by Indonesia’s Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), the United Nations Development Programm (UNDP), and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the statement outlines key principles to strengthen the independence, effectiveness, and accountability of anti-corruption agencies (ACAs) worldwide. |
General Background and Overview
| # | Title | Issuing Organization | Description |
| 1 |
Seeing New Opportunities: How Global Actors Can Better Support Anticorruption Reformers |
Open Society Foundation | This report examines how critical political moments can create opportunities to advance anti-corruption reforms. While the specific actions needed depend on each country’s political context, local reformers—whether in government or civil society—are best positioned to drive change. |
| 2 | Anti-Corruption Resource Center | This report provides a comprehensive analysis of systemic corruption in Sudan. It examines the pervasive nature of corruption across key sectors—including extractive industries, public financial management, judiciary, police, healthcare, and land governance—and highlights the political, economic, and social drivers sustaining it. | |
| 3 | Open Government Partnership | This comprehensive guide outlines global anti-corruption strategies, reforms, and action plans to enhance transparency, integrity, and accountability across sectors and strengthen democratic governance worldwide. | |
| 4 | Anti-Corruption Resource Center | This report examines Sudan’s anti-corruption efforts after the fall of Al Bashir’s regime, highlighting challenges, reform priorities, and strategies for asset recovery, judicial reform, and building accountable institutions in fragile settings. |
Sector-Specific Analysis
| # | Title | Issuing Organization | Description |
| 1 | Sudan and Trade Integrity | Global Financial Integrity | This report highlights trade misinvoicing in Sudan’s oil and gold sectors, offering data analysis, legal insights, and policy recommendations to combat corruption and strengthen export transparency. |
Compliance
| # | Title | Issuing Organization | Description |
| 1 | Corporate Anti Bribery And Corruption Compliance Capacity Survey Report – Sudan | Center for International Private Enterprise | This report explores Sudanese companies’ awareness, practices, and adoption of international anti-corruption compliance standards, offering key insights into the country’s emerging corporate integrity and compliance landscape. |
| 2 |
Between a Rock and a Harsh Policy: The Dilemma of Corporate Governance and Business Ethics in Sudan |
Center for International Private Enterprise | This report examines Sudan’s weak anti-corruption and governance landscape, highlighting the urgent need for international business support to strengthen local private sector integrity and promote sustainable, conflict-sensitive investment. |
Economy & Public Finance
| # | Title | Issuing Organization | Description |
| 1 | Sudan’s Self-Inflicted Economic Meltdown: With a Corrupt Economy in Crisis, the Bashir Regime Scrambles to Consolidate Power | Enough Project | This report explores Sudan’s 2018 economic crisis, revealing how decades of corruption and mismanagement under al-Bashir’s regime triggered collapse and reform promises tied to political survival. |
| 2 |
Between a Rock and a Harsh Policy: The Dilemma of Corporate Governance and Business Ethics in Sudan |
Enough Project | This policy brief examines Sudan’s economic collapse, linking entrenched corruption, conflict, and repression to investment risks, and outlines responsible business practices for engaging in fragile, high-risk environments. |